Atomic overlay file application in wwclient

Update wwclient such that each file in the runtime overlay is applied
atomically, and only if modified.

- Closes: #1307
- Closes: #1975
- Closes: #1226

Also adds --once flag to allow wwclient to be run one time.

Signed-off-by: Jonathon Anderson <janderson@ciq.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 
 - Build support for EL10, EL10 depends on `dnsmasq` and no longer `dhcpd-server` (EOL). #1974
 - `make rpm` added for local development rpm builds. #1974
+- `wwclient --once` prompts wwclient to run once. #1226
 
 ### Changed
 
@@ -17,6 +18,13 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 - Fixed dnsmasq template file to use basename for ipxe files. #1974
 - For EL10 default to dnsmasq for dhcpd and tftp. #1974
 - Refactored overlay class. #1968
+- `wwclient` places files from the runtime overlay atomically. #1307, #1975
+- `wwclient` skips files that do not appear to have been modified. #1984
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed a bug in `wwclient` which prevented proper cleanup of ephemeral files.
+- Fixed `wwclient --debug` to properly enable debug logging.
 
 ## v4.6.3, 2025-08-01
 

cmd/wwclient/main.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ func main() {
 
 	err := root.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: %s\n", err)
 		if wwclient.DebugFlag {
 			fmt.Printf("\nSTACK TRACE: %+v\n", err)
 		}

internal/app/wwclient/root.go

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package wwclient
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ var (
 		SilenceUsage: true,
 		Args:         cobra.NoArgs,
 	}
+	Once            bool
 	DebugFlag       bool
 	PIDFile         string
 	Webclient       *http.Client
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&Once, "once", false, "Run once and exit")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&DebugFlag, "debug", "d", false, "Run with debugging messages enabled.")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&PIDFile, "pidfile", "p", "/var/run/wwclient.pid", "PIDFile to use")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&WarewulfConfArg, "warewulfconf", "", "Set the warewulf configuration file")
@@ -52,6 +55,12 @@ func GetRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 }
 
 func CobraRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
+	if DebugFlag {
+		wwlog.SetLogLevel(wwlog.DEBUG)
+	} else {
+		wwlog.SetLogLevel(wwlog.INFO)
+	}
+
 	conf := warewulfconf.Get()
 	if WarewulfConfArg != "" {
 		err = conf.Read(WarewulfConfArg, false)
@@ -64,43 +73,39 @@ func CobraRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
 		return
 	}
 	pid, err := pidfile.Write(PIDFile)
-	defer cleanUp()
-	if err != nil && pid == -1 {
-		wwlog.Warn("%v. starting new wwclient", err)
-	} else if err != nil && pid > 0 {
-		return errors.New("found pidfile " + PIDFile + " not starting")
-	}
-
-	if os.Args[0] == path.Join(conf.Paths.WWClientdir, "wwclient") {
-		err := os.Chdir("/")
 	if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to change dir: %w", err)
+		if pid > 0 { // wwclient is already running
+			return fmt.Errorf("%v: not starting", err)
+		} else { // the pidfile is stale
+			wwlog.Warn("%s: starting new wwclient", err)
 		}
+	}
+	defer cleanUp()
+
+	target := "/"
+	if os.Args[0] == path.Join(conf.Paths.WWClientdir, "wwclient") {
 		wwlog.Warn("updating live file system: cancel now if this is in error")
 		time.Sleep(5000 * time.Millisecond)
 	} else {
+		target = "/warewulf/wwclient-test"
+
 		fmt.Printf("Called via: %s\n", os.Args[0])
-		fmt.Printf("Runtime overlay is being put in '/warewulf/wwclient-test' rather than '/'\n")
+		fmt.Printf("Runtime overlay is being put in '%s' rather than '/'\n", target)
 		fmt.Printf("For full functionality call with: %s\n", path.Join(conf.Paths.WWClientdir, "wwclient"))
-		err := os.MkdirAll("/warewulf/wwclient-test", 0755)
+		err := os.MkdirAll(target, 0755)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create dir: %w", err)
 		}
-
-		err = os.Chdir("/warewulf/wwclient-test")
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to change dir: %w", err)
-		}
 	}
 
 	localTCPAddr := net.TCPAddr{}
 	if conf.WWClient != nil && conf.WWClient.Port > 0 {
 		localTCPAddr.Port = int(conf.WWClient.Port)
-		wwlog.Info("Running from configured port %d", conf.WWClient.Port)
+		wwlog.Info("running from configured port %d", conf.WWClient.Port)
 	} else if conf.Warewulf.Secure() {
 		// Setup local port to something privileged (<1024)
 		localTCPAddr.Port = 987
-		wwlog.Info("Running from trusted port: %d", localTCPAddr.Port)
+		wwlog.Info("running from trusted port: %d", localTCPAddr.Port)
 	}
 
 	Webclient = &http.Client{
@@ -146,19 +151,18 @@ func CobraRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
 		tag = "Unknown"
 	}
 
+	wwlog.Debug("uuid: %s", localUUID.String())
+	wwlog.Debug("assetkey: %s", tag)
+
 	cmdline, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/cmdline")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("could not read from /proc/cmdline: %w", err)
 	}
-
+	wwid, err := parseWWIDFromCmdline(string(cmdline))
-	wwid_tmp := strings.Split(string(cmdline), "wwid=")
+	if err != nil {
-	if len(wwid_tmp) < 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse wwid: %w", err)
-		return fmt.Errorf("'wwid' is not defined in /proc/cmdline")
 	}
 
-	wwid := strings.Split(wwid_tmp[1], " ")[0]
-	wwid = strings.TrimSuffix(wwid, "\n")
-
 	// Dereference wwid from [interface] for cases that cannot have /proc/cmdline set by bootloader
 	if string(wwid[0]) == "[" {
 		iface := wwid[1 : len(wwid)-1]
@@ -167,9 +171,11 @@ func CobraRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("'wwid' cannot be dereferenced from /sys/class/net: %w", err)
 		}
 		wwid = strings.TrimSuffix(string(wwid_tmp), "\n")
-		wwlog.Info("Dereferencing wwid from [%s] to %s", iface, wwid)
+		wwlog.Info("dereferencing wwid from [%s] to %s", iface, wwid)
 	}
 
+	wwlog.Debug("wwid: %s", wwid)
+
 	duration := 300
 	if conf.Warewulf.UpdateInterval > 0 {
 		duration = conf.Warewulf.UpdateInterval
@@ -178,6 +184,10 @@ func CobraRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
 	// listen on SIGHUP
 	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
 	signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGHUP, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
+
+	// Add a channel to signal main loop to exit gracefully
+	exitChan := make(chan bool, 1)
+
 	go func() {
 		for {
 			sig := <-sigs
@@ -188,7 +198,9 @@ func CobraRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
 				stopTimer.Reset(0)
 			case syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT:
 				wwlog.Info("terminating wwclient, %v", sig)
-				os.Exit(0)
+				// Signal main loop to exit instead of calling os.Exit(0)
+				exitChan <- true
+				return
 			}
 		}
 	}()
@@ -197,20 +209,50 @@ func CobraRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
 	if ipaddr == "" {
 		ipaddr = conf.Ipaddr
 	}
+
 	for {
-		updateSystem(ipaddr, conf.Warewulf.Port, wwid, tag, localUUID)
+		updateSystem(target, ipaddr, conf.Warewulf.Port, wwid, tag, localUUID)
 		if !finishedInitialSync {
-			// ignore error and status here, as this wouldn't change anything
+			// Notify systemd that the service has started successfully.
+			//
+			// Ignoring error and status, as this wouldn't change anything.
 			_, _ = daemon.SdNotify(false, daemon.SdNotifyReady)
 			finishedInitialSync = true
 		}
 
-		<-stopTimer.C
+		if Once {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// Check for exit signal or timer
+		select {
+		case <-exitChan:
+			wwlog.Info("gracefully shutting down")
+			return nil
+		case <-stopTimer.C:
 			stopTimer.Reset(time.Duration(duration) * time.Second)
 		}
 	}
+}
 
-func updateSystem(ipaddr string, port int, wwid string, tag string, localUUID uuid.UUID) {
+// parseWWIDFromCmdline extracts the wwid parameter from kernel command line
+func parseWWIDFromCmdline(cmdline string) (string, error) {
+	params := strings.Fields(cmdline)
+
+	for _, param := range params {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(param, "wwid=") {
+			wwid := strings.TrimPrefix(param, "wwid=")
+			if wwid == "" {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("wwid parameter is empty")
+			}
+			return wwid, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("wwid parameter not found in kernel command line")
+}
+
+func updateSystem(target string, ipaddr string, port int, wwid string, tag string, localUUID uuid.UUID) {
 	var resp *http.Response
 	counter := 0
 	for {
@@ -246,13 +288,225 @@ func updateSystem(ipaddr string, port int, wwid string, tag string, localUUID uu
 		time.Sleep(60000 * time.Millisecond)
 		return
 	}
+
 	wwlog.Info("applying runtime overlay")
-	command := exec.Command("/bin/sh", "-c", "gzip -dc | cpio -iu")
+
+	// unpack overlay into a temporary directory
+	tempDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "wwclient-")
+	if err != nil {
+		wwlog.Error("failed to create temp directory: %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tempDir)
+	wwlog.Debug("unpacking runtime overlay to %s", tempDir)
+	command := exec.Command("/bin/sh", "-c", fmt.Sprintf("gzip -dc | cpio -imu --directory=%s", tempDir))
 	command.Stdin = resp.Body
-	err := command.Run()
+	err = command.Run()
 	if err != nil {
 		wwlog.Error("failed running cpio: %s", err)
+		return
 	}
+
+	// Atomically move files from temp directory to current working directory
+	err = atomicApplyOverlay(tempDir, target)
+	if err != nil {
+		wwlog.Error("failed to apply overlay: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func atomicApplyOverlay(srcDir, destDir string) error {
+	return filepath.Walk(srcDir, func(srcPath string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Calculate relative path from srcDir
+		relPath, err := filepath.Rel(srcDir, srcPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Skip the root directory itself
+		if relPath == "." {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		destPath := filepath.Join(destDir, relPath)
+
+		if info.IsDir() {
+			// Create directory if it doesn't exist
+			wwlog.Debug("ensuring directory exists: %s", destPath)
+			err := os.MkdirAll(destPath, info.Mode())
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			// Ensure permissions are updated even if directory already existed
+			wwlog.Debug("updating permissions for directory: %s", destPath)
+			err = os.Chmod(destPath, info.Mode())
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to update directory permissions for %s: %w", destPath, err)
+			}
+			// Update ownership and timestamps
+			if stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); ok {
+				wwlog.Debug("updating ownership for directory: %s", destPath)
+				err := os.Chown(destPath, int(stat.Uid), int(stat.Gid))
+				if err != nil {
+					wwlog.Warn("failed to update ownership for directory %s: %s", destPath, err)
+				}
+			}
+			wwlog.Debug("updating mtime for directory: %s", destPath)
+			err = os.Chtimes(destPath, time.Time{}, info.ModTime())
+			if err != nil {
+				wwlog.Warn("failed to update timestamps for directory %s: %s", destPath, err)
+			}
+			return nil
+
+		} else if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			// Handle symbolic links
+			linkTarget, err := os.Readlink(srcPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to read symlink %s: %w", srcPath, err)
+			}
+
+			// Create a temporary symlink in same directory as the destination.
+			// This ensures the temp file is on the same filesystem as the final
+			// destination, so the rename placement is atomic.
+			destParent := filepath.Dir(destPath)
+
+			// Ensure destination directory exists
+			if err := os.MkdirAll(destParent, 0755); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create destination directory %s: %w", destParent, err)
+			}
+
+			tempPath := filepath.Join(destParent, fmt.Sprintf(".wwclient-tmp-%d", time.Now().UnixNano()))
+			wwlog.Debug("creating temporary symlink: %s -> %s", tempPath, linkTarget)
+			err = os.Symlink(linkTarget, tempPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temporary symlink %s: %w", tempPath, err)
+			}
+
+			// Update ownership if possible (note: lchown for symlinks)
+			if stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); ok {
+				wwlog.Debug("updating ownership for temporary symlink: %s", tempPath)
+				err := syscall.Lchown(tempPath, int(stat.Uid), int(stat.Gid))
+				if err != nil {
+					wwlog.Warn("failed to update ownership for temporary symlink %s: %s", tempPath, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Set SELinux context on temporary symlink before moving it
+			err = setSELinuxContextForDestination(tempPath, destPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				wwlog.Warn("failed to set SELinux context for %s: %s", tempPath, err)
+			}
+
+			// Atomic rename - this will be atomic since both files are in the same directory
+			wwlog.Debug("moving symlink %s to %s", tempPath, destPath)
+			err = os.Rename(tempPath, destPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				os.Remove(tempPath)
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to atomically move symlink %s to %s: %w", tempPath, destPath, err)
+			}
+
+			return nil
+
+		} else {
+			// Check if file needs updating
+			changed, err := fileChanged(srcPath, destPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if file changed %s: %w", destPath, err)
+			}
+
+			if !changed {
+				wwlog.Debug("file unchanged, skipping: %s", destPath)
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			// Create a temporary file in same directory as the destination.
+			// This ensures the temp file is on the same filesystem as the final
+			// destination, so the rename placement is atomic.
+			destParent := filepath.Dir(destPath)
+
+			// Ensure destination directory exists
+			if err := os.MkdirAll(destParent, 0755); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create destination directory %s: %w", destParent, err)
+			}
+
+			tempFile, err := os.CreateTemp(destParent, ".wwclient-tmp-")
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp file for %s: %w", destPath, err)
+			}
+			tempPath := tempFile.Name()
+			_ = tempFile.Close()
+
+			// Copy file content and metadata
+			wwlog.Debug("copying file from %s to temp location %s", srcPath, tempPath)
+			err = copyFile(srcPath, tempPath, info)
+			if err != nil {
+				os.Remove(tempPath)
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy %s to temp location: %w", srcPath, err)
+			}
+
+			// Set SELinux context on temporary file before moving it
+			err = setSELinuxContextForDestination(tempPath, destPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				wwlog.Warn("failed to set SELinux context for %s: %s", tempPath, err)
+			}
+
+			// Atomic rename - this will be atomic since both files are in the same directory
+			// (and thus on the same filesystem)
+			wwlog.Debug("moving %s to %s", tempPath, destPath)
+			err = os.Rename(tempPath, destPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				os.Remove(tempPath)
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to atomically move %s to %s: %w", tempPath, destPath, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func copyFile(src, dst string, srcInfo os.FileInfo) error {
+	srcFile, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer srcFile.Close()
+
+	dstFile, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, srcInfo.Mode())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer dstFile.Close()
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(dstFile, srcFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Explicitly set the permissions to match the source
+	wwlog.Debug("updating permissions for file: %s", dst)
+	err = os.Chmod(dst, srcInfo.Mode())
+	if err != nil {
+		wwlog.Warn("failed to update permissions for file %s: %s", dst, err)
+	}
+
+	// Preserve timestamps and ownership if possible
+	if stat, ok := srcInfo.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); ok {
+		wwlog.Debug("updating ownership for file: %s", dst)
+		err = os.Chown(dst, int(stat.Uid), int(stat.Gid))
+		if err != nil {
+			wwlog.Warn("failed to update ownership for file %s: %s", dst, err)
+		}
+	}
+	wwlog.Debug("updating mtime for file: %s", dst)
+	err = os.Chtimes(dst, time.Time{}, srcInfo.ModTime())
+	if err != nil {
+		wwlog.Warn("failed to update timestamps for file %s: %s", dst, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func cleanUp() {
@@ -261,3 +515,101 @@ func cleanUp() {
 		wwlog.Error("could not remove pidfile: %s", err)
 	}
 }
+
+// isSELinuxEnabled checks if SELinux is present and enabled on the system
+func isSELinuxEnabled() bool {
+	// Check if SELinux filesystem is mounted
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/sys/fs/selinux"); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Check if SELinux is enabled (enforcing or permissive)
+	_, err := os.ReadFile("/sys/fs/selinux/enforce")
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// setSELinuxContextForDestination sets the SELinux context on a temporary file or symlink
+// to match what the destination path should have
+func setSELinuxContextForDestination(tempPath, destPath string) error {
+	if !isSELinuxEnabled() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	wwlog.Debug("setting SELinux context for temp file %s based on destination %s", tempPath, destPath)
+
+	// Use matchpathcon to get the expected context for the destination
+	cmd := exec.Command("matchpathcon", "-n", destPath)
+	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		// If matchpathcon fails, fall back to restorecon on the temp file
+		wwlog.Debug("matchpathcon failed for %s, using restorecon: %s", destPath, err)
+		cmd = exec.Command("restorecon", "-F", tempPath)
+		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+			wwlog.Warn("failed to restore SELinux context for temp file %s: %s", tempPath, err)
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	expectedContext := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+	if expectedContext == "" {
+		wwlog.Debug("empty context from matchpathcon for %s, using restorecon", destPath)
+		cmd = exec.Command("restorecon", "-F", tempPath)
+		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+			wwlog.Warn("failed to restore SELinux context for temp file %s: %s", tempPath, err)
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Set the context on the temp file/symlink
+	cmd = exec.Command("chcon", "-h", expectedContext, tempPath)
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		wwlog.Warn("failed to set SELinux context %s for temp file %s: %s", expectedContext, tempPath, err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// fileChanged checks if source and destination files differ using lightweight metadata comparison
+// optimized for HPC performance requirements
+func fileChanged(srcPath, destPath string) (bool, error) {
+	srcInfo, err := os.Stat(srcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to stat source file %s: %w", srcPath, err)
+	}
+
+	destInfo, err := os.Stat(destPath)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return true, nil // File doesn't exist, needs to be created
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to stat destination file %s: %w", destPath, err)
+	}
+
+	// Compare size and modification time - fast metadata-only check
+	// Size difference always indicates change
+	wwlog.Debug("%s size: %v", srcPath, srcInfo.Size())
+	wwlog.Debug("%s size: %v", destPath, destInfo.Size())
+	if srcInfo.Size() != destInfo.Size() {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	// If mod time differs, it has either changed on the server or the
+	// client, so update
+	wwlog.Debug("%s mod time: %v", srcPath, srcInfo.ModTime())
+	wwlog.Debug("%s mod time: %v", destPath, destInfo.ModTime())
+	if !srcInfo.ModTime().Equal(destInfo.ModTime()) {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	// Check if file permissions differ
+	wwlog.Debug("%s mode: %v", srcPath, srcInfo.Mode())
+	wwlog.Debug("%s mode: %v", destPath, destInfo.Mode())
+	if srcInfo.Mode() != destInfo.Mode() {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	return false, nil
+}

internal/pkg/pidfile/pidfile.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+// Package pidfile provides utilities for managing process ID files.
+// Based on original work found here, github.com/soellman/pidfile
 package pidfile
 
-// based on original work found here, github.com/soellman/pidfile
-
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -12,22 +12,30 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
+	// ErrProcessRunning indicates that a process with the PID from the pidfile is currently running.
 	ErrProcessRunning = errors.New("process is running")
+	// ErrFileStale indicates that the pidfile exists but the process is not running.
 	ErrFileStale = errors.New("pidfile exists but process is not running")
+	// ErrFileInvalid indicates that the pidfile contains invalid or unparseable contents.
 	ErrFileInvalid = errors.New("pidfile has invalid contents")
 )
 
-// Remove a pidfile
+// Remove removes a pidfile from the filesystem.
+// It returns an error if the file cannot be removed.
 func Remove(filename string) error {
 	return os.RemoveAll(filename)
 }
 
-// Write writes a pidfile, returning an error
+// Write writes a pidfile containing the current process ID.
-// if the process is already running or pidfile is orphaned
+// It returns the PID and an error if the process is already running or pidfile is orphaned.
 func Write(filename string) (int, error) {
 	return WriteControl(filename, os.Getpid(), false)
 }
 
+// WriteControl writes a pidfile with the specified PID and control options.
+// If overwrite is false and a stale pidfile exists, it returns ErrFileStale.
+// If overwrite is true, it will overwrite stale pidfiles.
+// It returns the PID and an error if the process is already running.
 func WriteControl(filename string, pid int, overwrite bool) (int, error) {
 	// Check for existing pid
 	oldpid, err := pidfileContents(filename)
@@ -49,6 +57,8 @@ func WriteControl(filename string, pid int, overwrite bool) (int, error) {
 	return pid, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d\n", pid)), 0644)
 }
 
+// pidfileContents reads and parses the PID from a pidfile.
+// It returns the PID and an error if the file cannot be read or contains invalid data.
 func pidfileContents(filename string) (int, error) {
 	contents, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -63,6 +73,8 @@ func pidfileContents(filename string) (int, error) {
 	return pid, nil
 }
 
+// pidIsRunning checks if a process with the given PID is currently running.
+// It returns true if the process is running, false otherwise.
 func pidIsRunning(pid int) bool {
 	process, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
 	if err != nil {

userdocs/nodes/disks.rst

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ mounted. If partitions or file systems already exist on the disk, ``ignition``
 tries to reuse existing file systems by default.
 
 To ignore existing file systems and provision fresh file systems on each boot,
-specify the ``--fswipe``` flag for that filesystem, and ``--diskwipe`` for the
+specify the ``--fswipe`` flag for that filesystem, and ``--diskwipe`` for the
 disk, as necessary.
 
 If you would like to re-use existing partitions but want to replace existing